犯罪心理學 - Labelling perspective & law-violating behaviour

Question

How does the labelling perspective sugguest that official labelling affects crime and delinquency?

What does the above perspective contribute to our understanding of law-violating behaviour?

(可以以中/英文作答, 謝謝!)

Answer 1

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人會否因「被標籤了」而想犯罪-----甚至和法律對抗呢？

(不想像大學寫論文詳細分析, 只作簡單分析)

1. 無可否認, 有些人因忿恨 being labelled 被標籤, 而做出一些不合法

的行為。如以前的同性戀者為爭取被認同、非法居留者為争取居留權

甚至在政府大樓放火..等。但這主因不是 being labelled 而是那些人的

性格和他們所在的環境引致。

是否別人說你窮, 你就要打人或犯罪呢？

反之, 更多人努力奮鬥, 不想被「看扁」。

2) 以下將一個外國網友的資料重整再分析。

因我同意他的說法。目前我們未有足夠理論說Low-violating

behavior 乃由 labelling 引起或其他因由, 但傳謀---如电

視、雜誌、報紙的內容常常令人不安，亦間接教導市民

「有樣學樣」地犯罪。也乃環境因素引致犯罪之一例也。

前新聞twins 阿嬌被偷拍換衣服, 近日狗仔隊狂追查肥肥

病況, 這兩件事反映「犯罪」的定義會因環境因素變得「鬆」。

「鬆」不是好用詞。應是 The standard is not strict enough.

Sometimes, the young citizens think this kind of behavior

is correct. Then, in the future, more law-violating behaviour

comes out because of the changing value.

Crime is mainly hereditary and partly environmental.

The genetic cause of crime is unknown for most administrators.

Inspite over forty years of study, the hereditary reasons of crime

is yet to penetrate most of the books of conventional criminology.

High rates of criminality tend to run in families. The persons who

frequently commit the most serious crimes typically begin their c

riminal careers at a quite young age. Persons who turn out to be criminals

usually do not do very well in school. Programmes designed to

rehabilitate high-rate offenders have not been shown to have much success,

and those programmes that do manage to reduce criminality among certain

kinds of offenders often increase it among others.

Many children may attend bad schools, but only a small minority

become serious criminals… Economic crime rates were lower in the great

Depression than during the prosperous years of the 1960s …

The sentences given by judges may affect the crime rate, but we are

struck by the fact that the most serious criminals begin offending at a

very early age--long before they encounter, or probably even hear of,

judges…. High crime rates can be found in socialist as well as capitalist nations,

and some capitalist nations, such as Japan and Switzerland, have very little

crime… Crime existed abundantly long before the advent of television and

would continue long after any hint of violence was expunged from TV

Programme…….. All blacks suffer from racism, yet relatively few blacks

become high rate offenders.

There is no “crime gene” and so there is no such thing as a “born criminal”

but some traits that are to a degree heritable, such as intelligence and

temperament, affect to some extent the likelihood that such individuals will

engage in criminal activities……..We believe that criminal behaviour, like all

human behaviour, results from a complex interaction of genetic and

environmental factors.

All of us had the experience of feeling hostile, angry, or excited after seeing a

motion picture or television programme that portrayed either violence or some

obvious injustice that seemed to require violent retribution. But few of us are then

immediately confronted with a chance to punch a doll, administer a “shock”

or start a fight. Instead, we are usually compounded with the need to wash the

dishes, catch bus, or do our homework. By the time we have a chance to act

violently, the excitement is gone, the anger subdued, and our time horizon

lengthened.

Source(s): self + net