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問一個集合看不懂的表示法 ?
S^1 = xy 平面上的單位圓
但是我書上又寫 S^1 = [0,1] mod 1
這是什麼意思 @@?
4 Answers
- EricLv 61 decade agoFavorite Answer
這與代數有關。The unit circle (單位圓) in R2S1 = {(x,y) ∈ R2 : x2+y2 = 1}can be identified with the unit circle in C,T = {z ∈ C: |z| = 1},which forms a group (群) when endowed with the group operation (群運算) of complex multiplication.The author is further identifying, through an isomorphism (同構), the unit circle with the group[0,1] mod 1,that is, the set [0,1) (or R/Z) with addition modulo 1 as its group operation. This can be established by observing the isomorphismt ↦ e2πitbetween [0,1] mod 1 and T.Hence,S1 ≅ T ≅ [0,1] mod 1where ≅ reads "is isomoprhic to".
- CopestoneLv 41 decade ago
R/Z 是較一般的寫法。
R/Z 不但有群的結構,同時也是光滑流形,且加減為可微運算,故本身是一李群。同樣地,S^1 也是李群。
t ---> exp(2πit)
這個函數不但是 group isomorphism,且本身及其反函數為兩李群間的可微函數,因此,題目中的等號可視為兩者在李群的結構上是一樣的。