Best Answer - Chosen by Voters
A single word does not suffice to describe each of those things, but I shall try:
Montresor’s Home: palazzo
The Catacombs: damp (or damp ground)
The Time Period: Amontillado (the period can be inferred by this type of wine, originating in the 18th century
Montresor’s dark intentions: impunity (how he exacted revenge) - part of his family motto
Fortunato’s foolishness: virtuoso ("Few Italians have the true virtuoso spirit.")
The dark mood of the story: retribution
Foreshadowing of the fate of Fortunato: immolation (I continued, as was my wont, to smile in his face, and he did not perceive that my smile now was at the thought of his immolation.)
Dramatic irony: die ("I shall not die of a cough") OR buried : ("“I drink,” he said, “to the buried that repose around us.”
Verbal irony: requiescat (part of the phrase rest in peace. He meant no literal peace, most likely...it may have taken his 'friend's' several days to die. Implied more is that the narrator wished the bones to never be disturbed, or discovered.)