The Year 2000 problem (also known as the Y2K problem, the millennium bug or the Y2K Bug) was the result of a practice in early computer program design that caused some date-related processing to operate incorrectly for dates and times on and after January 1, 2000. It caused widespread concern that critical industries (such as electricity or finance) and government functions would cease operating at the stroke of midnight between December 31, 1999 and January 1, 2000 and on other critical dates which were billed "event horizons". This fear was fueled by the attendant press coverage and other media speculation, as well as corporate and government reports. People recognized that long-working systems could break down when the 97, 98, 99 ascending numbering assumption suddenly became invalid. Companies and organizations world-wide checked and upgraded their computer systems. Therefore, while no significant computer failures occurred when the clocks rolled over into 2000, preparation for the Y2K bug had a significant effect on the computer industry. Debate continues on whether the absence of computer failures was the result of the preparation undertaken or whether the significance of the problem had been overstated.
When January 1, 2000, arrived, there were problems generally regarded as minor. Problems did not always have to occur precisely at midnight. Some programs were not active at that moment and would only show up when they were invoked. Not all problems recorded were directly linked to Y2K programming in a causality; minor technological glitches occur on a regular basis.
Reported problems include:
In Ishikawa, Japan, radiation-monitoring equipment failed at midnight, but officials said there was no risk to the public.[7]
In Onagawa, Japan, an alarm sounded at a nuclear power plant at two minutes after midnight.[7]
In Japan, at two minutes past midnight, Osaka Media Port, a telecommunications carrier, found errors in the date management part of the company's network. The problem was fixed by 2:43 a.m. and no services were disrupted.[8]
In Japan, NTT Mobile Communications Network (NTT DoCoMo), Japan's largest cellular operator, reported on January 1, 2000, that some models of mobile telephones were deleting new messages received, rather than the older messages, as the memory filled up.[8]
In Australia, bus-ticket-validation machines in two states failed to operate.[9]
In the United States, 150 slot machines at race tracks in Delaware stopped working.[9]
In the United States, the U.S. Naval Observatory, which runs the master clock that keeps the country's official time, had a Y2K glitch on its Web site. Due to a programming problem, the site reported that the date was Jan. 1, "19100."[10]
In the United States, fare collection turnstiles at PATH Stations throughout New York City & New Jersey failed to operate.
In France, the national weather forecasting service, Meteo France, said a Y2K bug made the date on a webpage show a map with Saturday's weather forecast as "01/01/19100".[9] The White House effort was conducted in coordination with the then-independent agency FEMA, which was well staffed and thoroughly prepared in the event it was needed. The US Government promoted Y2K Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) to share readiness between industries, without threat of antitrust violations or liability based on information shared.
The US Government followed a three part approach to the problem: (1) Outreach and Advocacy (2) Monitoring and Assessment and (3) Contingency Planning and Regulation.[11]
A feature of US Government outreach was Y2K websites including Y2K.GOV. Presently, many US Government agencies have taken down their Y2K websites. Some of these documents may be available through National Archives and Records Administration[12] or The Wayback Machine.
Each federal agency had its own Y2K task force which worked with its private sector counter parts. The FCC had the FCC Year 2000 Task Force.[13][14]
Most industries had contingency plans that relied upon the Internet for backup communications. However, as no federal agency had clear authority with regard to the Internet at this time (it had passed from the US Department of Defense to the US National Science Foundation and then to the US Department of Commerce), no agency was assessing the readiness of the Internet itself. Therefore on July 30, 1999 the White House held the White House Internet Y2K Roundtable
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