Causes and Risk Factors of Esophagitis
Chemicals especially likely to cause very severe corrosive esophagitis include cleaning or disinfectant solutions.
Factors that contribute to the development of reflux esophagitis include the caustic nature of the refluxate, the inability to clear the refluxate from the esophagus, the volume of gastric contents, and local mucosal protective functions.
Poor lower esophageal segment functioning may be associated with a hiatal hernia, in which the top part of the stomach slides back and forth between the chest and the abdomen. Symptoms may be worsened by alcohol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and obesity.
Symptoms of Esophagitis
The main symptom of reflux esophagitis is heartburn, with or without regurgitation of gastric contents into the mouth, which worsens on bending over. Complications of GERD include esophagitis and possibly massive but limited hemorrhage.
Treatment of Esophagitis
Treatment of corrosive esophagitis involves reducing pain and making the patient comfortable. Gastric lavage is to be avoided in that it may worsen the condition.
Development of a severe esophageal stricture may require dilatation and perhaps surgery. Uncomplicated GERD may be tolerated for many years with good response to medical therapy.
Management consists of:
Elevating the head of the bed
Avoiding strong stimulants of acid secretions (e.g., coffee, alcohol)
Avoiding certain drugs (e.g., anticholinergics), specific foods (fats, chocolate), and smoking, all of which lower esophageal sphincter competence
Giving an antacid to neutralize gastric acidity and possibly increase lower esophageal sphincter competence
Use of cholinergic agonists to increase sphincter pressure
Use of H2 agonists to reduce stomach acidity
Surgical treatment may be necessary to correct a hiatal hernia.
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