Hi David - It is so great to see you on Answers and congratulations for taking Yahoo! down this important path.
On top of the reduce, reuse and recycle program that you have already begun implementing I think you should look at the following ways to off-set your emissions through biological and geological sequestration projects and further research that takes us closer towards a hydrogen economy. I have worked in geological sequestration and hydrogen fuel cell technologies with some of the world's leading minds in the area from the US, Australia, Norway and parts of Europe.
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First of all, biological sequestration is a reasonably quick fix for now and will continue to be useful in the future if done correctly. This involves planting trees to offset your emissions.
Carbon is stored on Earth in a number of major reservoirs or 'sinks'. Carbon is continuously cycled between these reservoirs in the ocean, on the land, and in the atmosphere. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store the carbon in roots, stems, leaves and the soil in a process known as sequestration. As plant material decomposes, the carbon is released back into the atmosphere. This carbon cycle has been continuing naturally since plant life took hold on land about 400 million years ago.
Forests play an important role in the carbon cycle, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it as carbon in plant material and soil in a process known as sequestration. Half a tree's mass is carbon, so large amounts of carbon are stored in forests and they are the largest store of terrestrial carbon. Other ecosystems such as savannas and woodlands are also significant sinks. In most ecosystems, the majority of the carbon is stored below ground, either as roots and decaying biomass or as organic carbon in the soil.
Planting forests can provide a relatively cost-effective way of creating a carbon sink, where more carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere than is being released. However, there are risks associated with forests turning into a carbon source. This might occur when a forest is burned in a bushfire or struck by disease. The factors that determine whether a forest is maintained as a carbon sink include rainfall patterns, bushfires, vegetation changes, nutrients, soil composition, evaporation rates and the interactions between them.
The good thing is that you can also calculate how much you are ‘sequestering’ in these sinks.
Of course, there are things to consider here.
-Where are you planting the trees? Will a developer come and chop them down in 10 years for development?
-Are they water-efficient? This is very important.
-Can the trees be planted in areas that get natural rainfall, rather than need irrigation?
-Are they native to the area to provide food and homes for the fauna and not introduce new flora that can take over the natives?
-Can you use the trees to help stop land degradation?
There are many companies now set up in the world that allow you to buy credits whereby they will plant trees to offset your emissions. It is worth asking these companies questions like this to ensure you are putting your investment in the right places. See source links.
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The next step should be helping projects that look at clean coal technology and geological sequestration.
Geosequestration, along with energy efficiency, renewable energy and using less carbon-intensive fuels, will help reduce the greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere. These gases are considered a leading cause of climate change.
Geosequestration, or carbon capture and geological storage is the capture of CO2 from power stations and industry; the
transport; injection; and the long-term storage of CO2 into deep, underground reservoirs, such as depleted oil and gas fields or saline aquifers that contain unusable, salty water. The great benefit of geosequestration is that large quantities of CO2 that would otherwise enter the atmosphere following the burning of fossil fuels can be safely stored in the deep subsurface. This would significantly reduce the potential impact of global warming.
There are already commercial scale projects that have successfully sequestered CO2 underground for years with billions of dollars already spent on the technology and they are becoming more and more economically viable every year. It is worth looking at how you can get involved with Statoil’s Sleipner Project, as well as the work of the US DOE/NETL, and Australia’s C02CRC.
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In terms of hydrogen fuel cells, there are many projects all around the world (for US see
http://www.hydrogen.gov) that are currently being undertaken, such as in vehicles. The only thing these vehicles produce is water! This is amazing technology worth investing in.
Although they are not expected to reach the mass market before 2010, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) may someday revolutionise on-road transportation. This emerging technology has the potential to significantly reduce energy use and harmful emissions, as well as our dependence on foreign oil.
Some really promising trials have taken place (for example in the US, Japan and Australia, see link below) where buses are powered through hydrogen cell technology, at full throttle, emiting only water. It would be great for Yahoo to further this by investing both money and people to further this work. Ultimately, our world needs to move towards a hydrogen economy.
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Yahoo! has some of the best minds in the world in technology. On top of that, many Yahoos are creative and creativity breeds innovation. In the US and all over the world, set up advisory groups with members from all over the company (engineers, product managers, developers, marketing, strategy etc) who can work with industry and government to further areas such as geological sequestration and help the world to move toward a hydrogen economy. By partnering with other companies and research groups you can avoid reinventing the wheel and add knowledge and experience to further these important causes.
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